Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects millions of women worldwide. This complex hormonal disorder can significantly impact women’s health, highlighting the importance of understanding it. Simply put, PCOS can result from a combination of hormonal imbalances and metabolic abnormalities. As a result, small follicles may form on the ovaries and interfere with ovulation. The condition comes with a range of symptoms that can have far-reaching effects. For those who have been diagnosed or suspect they have it, understanding PCOS and its impact on women’s health is critical. Knowing more empowers women to take an active role in managing their health.
What Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder, typically affecting women of reproductive age. These hormonal imbalances involve elevated levels of androgen and lower levels of progesterone resulting in various symptoms. Insulin is the hormone that manages blood sugar, but in women with PCOS, the body is less responsive to insulin than it should be, resulting in higher glucose levels in the bloodstream.
The term polycystic ovary syndrome comes from the many small, fluid-filled sacs that can develop on the outer edge of the ovaries due to these hormonal imbalances. These cysts are actually immature eggs, called follicles, which fail to release an egg during the menstrual cycle, disrupting ovulation. Without ovulation, oestrogen and progesterone levels are also negatively affected.
What Are the Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?
PCOS is accompanied by a variety of symptoms which can significantly impact a woman’s health and well-being. While every woman will have a unique experience depending on the combination and severity of their symptoms, recognising these symptoms is key to early detection and effective treatment.
Irregular Menstrual Cycles
One of the most common symptoms of PCOS is irregular, heavy, or prolonged periods. Women may also have no period at all.
Hyperandrogenism
Increased androgen levels may result in excess facial and body hair growth (hirsutism), acne, and male-pattern baldness.
Weight Gain
Weight management may be difficult because of the insulin resistance and hormone imbalances associated with PCOS. Weight gain often occurs in the abdominal area.
Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Abnormalities
When the body is not using insulin effectively, there is a higher chance of weight gain, high blood sugar levels, and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Skin Issues
Skin tags, oily skin, acne, and dark patches of skin in the body folds such as the neck, armpits, or groin may develop.
Mood Disorders
Due to hormonal imbalances, women may experience mood swings, depression, anxiety, and irritability, negatively impacting their quality of life.
Reduced Fertility or Infertility
Women with irregular or absent ovulation may require medical assistance to conceive. Doctors may suggest ovulation induction medications or assisted reproductive technologies to improve fertility.
From mood swings and reduced fertility to weight gain and acne, the overall impact of polycystic ovary syndrome can significantly reduce a woman’s quality of life. Knowing the symptoms, however, is the first step to getting a diagnosis and starting treatment. If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, consult with a doctor today to regain control of your life.